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Table 1 Distribution of relevant variables by history of closed pedal puncture wound among 198 subjects.

From: The natural history of pedal puncture wounds in diabetics: a cross-sectional survey

 

History of closed pedal puncture wound

 
 

No

Yes

P-value (chi2or t-test)

Number of cases (%)

147(74.2%)

51(25.8%)

 

   95% CI

68.1-80.4%

19.6-31.9%

 

Age - mean(range)

63.4(29-97)

59.3(32-81)

0.028

Gender - no.(%) female

104(70.8%)

34(66.7%)

0.589

Social class - I,II&III(%)

39(26.5%)

7(13.7%)

0.062

Paying status - private (%)

39(26.5%)

4(7.8%)

< 0.01

Residence - no.(%) rural

54(36.7%)

26(51%)

0.074

Current occupation - sedentary (%)

105(71.4%)

35(68.6%)

0.71

Current recreation - sedentary (%)

105(71.4%)

38(74.5%)

0.67

*Current glycemic control - no.(%)

75/120(62.5%)**

18/43(41.9%)**

0.019

Duration diabetes - > 10 yrs(%)

85(57.8%)

40(78.4%)

< 0.01

Significant current comorbidity - no.(%)

113(76.9%)

36(70.6%)

0.37

Currently compliant with Rxed oral meds - no.(%)

130/140(92.9%)

42/49(85.7%)

0.13

Insulin dependence - no.(%)

29(19.7%)

20(39.2%)

< 0.01

Currently compliant with Rxed insulin - no.(%)

29/29(100%)

19/20(95%)

0.22

***Foot protection education - no.(%)yes

122(83%)

46(90.2%)

0.22

Specific foot protection education - no.(%)yes

115/122(94.3%)

44/46(95.7%)

0.72

Currently compliant with foot protection - no.(%)

145(98.6%)

50(98%)

0.76

Early post-puncture treatment education - no.(%)

93(63.3%)

36(70.6%)

0.34

  1. *Glycemic control defined here as "mild lack of control" (fasting blood glucose≤8.9 mmol/L, random blood glucose≤11.1 mmol/L, 2 hr postprandial glucose≤10 mmol/l or HbA1c≤7.5%) according to the Guidelines for the Management of Diabetes, Ministry of Health (10), in the 3 months prior to interview.
  2. **27 values (18.4%) for "current glycemic control" were missing among the group without puncture and 8 (15.7%) among the group with puncture (P = 0.67)
  3. ***Foot protection education was more comprehensively disseminated among public (87.1%) than private patients (76.7%), though not statistically significant (P = 0.094).