Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery – a prospective, controlled, clinical study

Table 1 Demographic and surgical data of all patients

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4
	CABG with CPB	Valve with CPB	CABG beating heart	Peripheral bypass
No.	n = 38	n = 11	n = 12	n = 17
Age, yr	59 ± 9	51 ± 10	54 ± 9	46 ± 12
Male sex (%)	68	63	50	88
Hypertension (%)	63*	36	33	41
Smoker (%)	63	45*	83	88
BSA, m²	1.78 ± 0.13	1.80 ± 0.49	1.72 ± 0.13	1.69 ± 0.16
EF, %	53 ± 15	56 ± 12	52 ± 12	0
Grafts per patients	2.4 ± 0.6*	0	1.2 ± 0.4	0
Operation time, min	283 ± 62	315 ± 39	235 ± 29*	225 ± 112*
CPB time, min	101 ± 24	133 ± 32	0	0
AXC time, min	56 ± 17*	97 ± 24	0	0
IMA (%)	89	0	75	0
MV time, hr	16 ± 5	13 ± 4	14 ± 7	4 ± 3*

Abbrevations are as follows: BSA, body surface area; EF, ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; AXC, aortic cross-clamp; IMA, internal mammary artery; MV, mechanical ventilation. * = p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2482