Table 6 Mean (SD) performance outcomes per group on Task 3
Task 3: Vaginal cuff closure | Robotic experience | Laparoscopic experience | Novices | p-values | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Movements | n = 15 | n = 26 | n = 29 | R vs N | L vs N | R vs L |
Path length left | 3813 (1508) | 6862 (3261) | 5544 (2397) | 0.015 | 0.091 | < 0.001 |
Path length right | 4784 (1851) | 5941 (2965) | 5377 (2937) | 0.482 | 0.482 | 0.133 |
Movements left | 344 (127) | 494 (212) | 438 (164) | 0.060 | 0.279 | 0.018 |
Movements right | 386 (156) | 501 (229) | 450 (182) | 0.258 | 0.367 | 0.065 |
Entrance and exit points | 28 (4) | 32 (7) | 31 (5) | 0.105 | 0.291 | 0.013 |
Distance scope and tissue | 94 (20) | 116 (10) | 120 (1) | < 0.001 | 0.056 | 0.001 |
Safety | ||||||
Instrument collisions | 9 (11) | 32 (32) | 24 (19) | 0.001 | 0.280 | 0.002 |
Times out of view | 32 (34) | 16 (11) | 10 (16) | 0.030 | 0.148 | 0.088 |
Unnecessary piercing | 10.8 (8.4) | 14.4 (11.1) | 13.1 (10.1) | 0.460 | 0.647 | 0.284 |
Suture breakage | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.479 | 0.939 | 0.455 |
Task specific | ||||||
Precise needle passages | 10.3 (3.0) | 12.0 (3.9) | 12.4 (3.0) | 0.032 | 0.661 | 0.153 |
Needle passages | 14.1 (1.8) | 16.1 (3.3) | 15.3 (2.5) | 0.105 | 0.291 | 0.013 |
Total time | 423 (180) | 580 (250) | 573 (210) | 0.024 | 0.916 | 0.040 |