Grade | Visual presentation | Anatomic Appearance | Qualitative description | Time to Hemostasisa (min) | Rate of blood lossb (mL/min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | No bleeding | No bleeding | No bleeding | ≤ 2 | ≤ 1 |
3 | Ooze or intermittent flow | Capillary-like bleeding | Mild | > 2–5 | > 1–5 |
2 | Continuous flow | Venule and arteriolar-like bleeding | Moderate | > 5–8 | > 5–10 |
1 | Controllable spurting and/or overwhelming flow | Non central venous and arterial-like bleeding | Severe | > 8–10 | > 10–50 |
0 | Unidentified or inaccessible spurting or gush | Central arterial- or venous-like bleeding | Life-threateningc | > 10 | > 50 |