Fig. 1

The main techniques for retrohepatic inferior vena cava (RIVC) resection without reconstruction in ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ERAT). a preoperative simulation of the extent of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, including the right lower lung lobe and right kidney. b preoperative inferior vena cava angiography shows the rich collateral circulation and right renal vein, retrohepatic inferior vena cava occlusion. c diagram of reconstruction of patient 4 after liver autotransplantation. d histological section of the all layers of RIVC showing a granulomatous inflammation with a necrotic center induced by Echinococcus multilocularis. Hematoxylin–eosin staining, × 0.37. e remnants of laminated layer of E. multilocularis. Hematoxylin–eosin staining, × 400. Figure a and c were draft completed by Xianwei Yang and the final draft completed in Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Serial number: 1330–1152–1635-8311-0579-3839). These figure 1a-e belongs to the authors, and editing is allowed