Description | Element Type | Young’s Modulus (MPa) E | Poisson Ratio μ | Cross Sectional Area (mm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cortical bone | Shell elements | 12,000 | 0.29 | – |
Cancellous bone | 3-D solid elements (4 node) | 450 | 0.25 | – |
Facet cartilage | 3-D solid elements (4 node) | 10.4 | 0.4 | – |
Annulus fibers | 3-D solid elements (8 node) | 48 | 0.4 | – |
Nucleus pulposus | 3-D solid elements (8 node) | 1.0 | 0.49 | – |
Endplate | 3-D solid elements | 500 | 0.4 | – |
Anterior longitudinal ligament | 3-D tension truss elements | 30 | 0.3 | 33 |
Posterior longitudinal ligament | 3-D tension truss elements | 20 | 0.3 | 33 |
Interspinous ligament | 3-D tension truss elements | 1.5 | 0.39 | 13 |
Ligamentum flavum | 3-D tension truss elements | 5 | 0.3 | 50.1 |
Capsular ligaments | 3-D tension truss elements | 20 | 0.3 | 46.6 |
PEEK cage | 3-D solid elements (4 node) | 3600 | 0.3 | – |
Titanium plate | 3-D solid elements (4 node) | 110,000 | 0.3 | – |
Screw | 3-D solid elements (4 node) | 110,000 | 0.3 | – |