Table 2 Operating finding and complication

Mean operation time, mean ± SD, min

251.5

± 46.4

263.1

± 46.8

Mean blood loss, mean ± SD, ml

239.6

± 32.4

222.5

± 35.3

Transfusion

7

3.8

9

4.9

Harvested lymph node, median (min, max)

29 (17–54)

31 (16–57)

R0

176

96.2

174

95.1

Surgery approach

 LAG

90

49.2

76

41.5

 OG

93

50.8

107

58.5

Stapler

 Circular

49

26.8

61

33.3

 Linear

134

73.2

122

66.7

Occlusion of afferent loop

 Ligation

101

55.2

162

88.5

 Stapler

82

44.8

21

11.5

Pathological stage

 Stage 1a

14

7.7

8

4.4

 Stage 1b

25

13.7

23

12.6

 Stage 2a

35

19.1

36

19.7

 Stage 2b

36

19.7

37

20.2

 Stage 3a

29

15.8

34

18.6

 Stage 3b

30

16.4

28

15.3

 Stage 3c

14

7.7

17

9.3

Postoperative hospital stay, mean ± SD, days

7.7

± 3.7

8.2

± 4.3

Complication^a

 Grade 1

39

37.1

36

34.6

 Grade 2

30

28.6

32

30.8

 Grade 3

27

25.7

25

24.0

 Grade 4

9

8.6

10

9.6

 Grade 5

0

0.0

1

1.0

Early-phase complication

 Incision infection

9

4.9

6

3.3

 Duodenum stump leak

1

0.5

1

0.5

 Anastomotic leak

1

0.5

0

0.0

 Anastomotic bleeding

4

2.2

8

4.4

 Intra-abdominal bleeding

2

1.1

2

1.1

 Intra-abdominal infection

9

4.9

8

3.8

 Delayed gastric emptying

1

0.5

2

1.1

 Pancreatic fistula

10

5.5

5

2.7

Late-phase complication

 Bowel obstruction

8

4.4

7

3.8

 Internal hernia

3

1.6

2

1.1

 Anastomotic stricture

0

0.0

0

0.0

 Reoperation

2

1.1

2

1.1

 Mortality in 30 days

0

0.0

1

0.5

 Adjuvant chemotherapy

129

66.1

134

71.6