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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Clinical features of patients with hepatic portal venous gas

 

Total

Ischemia (Group 1)

Non-ischemia (Group 2)

Pd

n = 30

n = 12

n = 18

Age (years)

72 (53–92)

74 (55–90)

72 (53–92)

0.816e

Male, n (%)

19 (63)

6 (50)

13 (72)

0.216

Body mass index, kg/m2

20.9 (15.2–29.0)

22.0 (17.1–28.2)

20.6 (15.2–29.0)

0.421e

Principal complaintsa

    

 Abdominal pain, n (%)

23 (77)

9 (75)

14 (78)

0.860

 Peritoneal irritation sign, n (%)

7 (23)

7 (58)

0 (0)

< 0.001

 Nausea, n (%)

10 (33)

2 (17)

8 (44)

0.114

 Impaired consciousness, n (%)

4 (13)

2 (17)

2 (11)

0.661

 Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%)

4 (13)

0 (0)

4 (22)

0.079

 Abdominal fullness, n (%)

3 (10)

0 (0)

3 (17)

0.136

 Fever, n (%)

2 (6.7)

1 (8.3)

1 (5.6)

0.765

 History of abdominal surgery, n (%)

9 (30)

3 (25)

6 (33)

0.626

 Hypertension, n (%)

18 (60)

6 (50)

12 (67)

0.361

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

12 (40)

4 (33)

8 (44)

0.543

 Use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, n (%)

6 (20)

1 (8.3)

5 (28)

0.192

 Use of psychotropic agent, n (%)

8 (27)

3 (25)

5 (28)

0.866

 Use of anticoagulant agent, n (%)

10 (33)

2 (17)

8 (44)

0.114

 Use of steroid, n (%)

3 (10)

2 (17)

1 (5.6)

0.320

Laboratory findings

    

 pHb

7.42 (6.98–7.61)

7.38 (6.98–7.57)

7.42 (7.36–7.61)

0.114e

 Base excess, mmol/Lb

0.9 (− 27.6–6.6)

-4.4 (-27.6–2.5)

2.3 (-5.2–6.6)

0.005e

 Lactate, mmol/Lb

2.1 (0.8–13.8)

5.2 (1.2–13.8)

1.8 (0.8–5.1)

0.003e

 White blood cell, /μL

9990 (2230–45,090)

12,720 (2,230–45,090)

9330 (4930–26,100)

0.290e

 Neutrophil lymphocyte ratioc

9.3 (1.3–29)

21 (7.7–29)

6.6 (1.3–18)

0.013e

 Lactate dehydrogenase, IU/L

207 (137–619)

207 (147–619)

207 (137–586)

0.757e

 Creatine kinase, IU/L

68 (20–595)

71 (20–595)

60 (26–135)

0.338e

 C-reactive protein, mg/dL

4.0 (0–48)

9.7 (1.2–48)

2.8 (0–20)

0.016e

Computed tomography findings

    

 Intestinal pneumatosis, n (%)

15 (50)

9 (75)

6 (33)

0.025

 Band like pneumatosis [16], n (%)

11 (37)

8 (67)

3 (17)

0.005

 Bubble like pneumatosis [16], n (%)

4 (13)

1 (8.3)

3 (17)

0.511

 Ascites, n (%)

14 (47)

5 (42)

9 (50)

0.654

 Free air, n (%)

2 (6.7)

2 (17)

0 (0)

0.073

Distribution of HPVG [19]

    

 Bilobar, n (%)

18 (60)

6 (50)

12 (67)

0.361

 Limited to left liver, n (%)

12 (40)

6 (50)

6 (33)

0.361

Underlying disease as cause of HPVG

    

 Bowel ischemia

12 (40)

12 (100)

0 (0)

< 0.001

 Enteritis

10 (33)

0 (0)

10 (56)

0.002

 Bowel distention

6 (20)

0 (0)

6 (33)

0.025

 Pneumothorax

1 (3.3)

0 (0)

1 (5.6)

0.406

 Unknown

1 (3.3)

0 (0)

1 (5.6)

0.406

  1. Data are presented as median (range) unless otherwise indicated
  2. Italic values indicate items represented statistical significance
  3. HPVG hepatic portal venous gas
  4. aOverlap of principal complaints was allowed
  5. bData of 4 patients are missing
  6. cData of 15 patients are missing
  7. dχ2 test unless otherwise indicated
  8. eWilcoxon rank-sum test
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