Table 3 Comparisons of the predictive performances of the GBDT model with LR model, SOFA, qSOFA, SAPS II, SIRS, and BISAP scores

In the training set

GBDT model

0.994(0.988-1.000)

Ref

0.994(0.988-1.000)

0.996(0.989-1.000)

0.992(0.982-1.000)

0.992(0.982-1.000)

0.996(0.989-1.000)

qSOFA

0.742(0.703–0.780)

< 0.001

0.673(0.633–0.713)

0.479(0.419–0.539)

0.869(0.828–0.910)

0.787(0.724–0.851)

0.623(0.573–0.672)

SAPSII

0.652(0.605–0.698)

< 0.001

0.587(0.545–0.629)

0.574(0.514–0.634)

0.600(0.540–0.660)

0.592(0.532–0.652)

0.582(0.523–0.641)

SIRS

0.592(0.547–0.637)

< 0.001

0.562(0.520–0.605)

0.452(0.392–0.513)

0.673(0.616–0.730)

0.583(0.516–0.651)

0.549(0.494–0.603)

SOFA

0.761(0.720–0.802)

< 0.001

0.713(0.674–0.752)

0.662(0.604–0.719)

0.765(0.714–0.817)

0.740(0.684–0.796)

0.691(0.638–0.744)

BISAP

0.649(0.605–0.694)

< 0.001

0.614(0.572–0.655)

0.654(0.597–0.711)

0.573(0.513–0.633)

0.608(0.551–0.665)

0.621(0.559–0.682)

In the testing set

GBDT

0.985(0.966-1.000)

Ref

0.969(0.940–0.999)

1.000(1.000–1.000)

0.940(0.884–0.997)

0.941(0.885–0.997)

1.000(1.000–1.000)

qSOFA

0.780(0.709–0.852)

< 0.001

0.710(0.632–0.788)

0.516(0.393–0.638)

0.896(0.822–0.969)

0.825(0.707–0.943)

0.659(0.562–0.757)

SAPSII

0.625(0.529–0.720)

< 0.001

0.557(0.472–0.642)

0.500(0.378–0.623)

0.612(0.495–0.729)

0.552(0.424–0.680)

0.562(0.448–0.675)

SIRS

0.552(0.461–0.643)

< 0.001

0.527(0.441–0.612)

0.469(0.346–0.591)

0.582(0.464-0.700)

0.517(0.389–0.646)

0.534(0.420–0.649)

SOFA

0.745(0.660–0.829)

< 0.001

0.687(0.608–0.766)

0.641(0.523–0.758)

0.731(0.625–0.837)

0.695(0.577–0.812)

0.681(0.573–0.788)

BISAP

0.566(0.472–0.660)

< 0.001

0.542(0.457–0.627)

0.562(0.441–0.684)

0.522(0.403–0.642)

0.529(0.411–0.648)

0.556(0.433–0.678)