Table 3 Hemoglobin, red cell distribution width (RDW), Comorbidities, and Survival
From: Preoperative hemoglobin levels and mortality outcomes after hip fracture patients
6-month Mortality | Survivors (n = 538) | Deceased (n = 88) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD | 75.60 ± 9.30 | 80.40 ± 10.15 | < 0.001†| |
Age groups | < 60 years | 32 (5.9%) | 2 (2.3%) |  |
|  | 60–69 years | 72 (13.4%) | 9 (10.2%) |  |
|  | 70–79 years | 242 (45.0%) | 24 (27.3%) | < 0.001‡‡ |
|  | > 80 years | 192 (35.7%) | 53 (60.2%) |  |
Gender | Male | 247 (45.9%) | 53 (60.2%) | 0.009‡ |
| Â | Female | 291 (54.1%) | 35 (39.8%) | Â |
Hemoglobin level upon admission, mean ± SD | 11.99 ± 2.39 | 10.97 ± 2.02 | < 0.001†| |
RDW level upon admission, mean ± SD | 15.46 ± 1.99 | 15.95 ± 1.97 | 0.033†| |
Hemoglobin < 12 g/dl | 286 (53.2%) | 61 (69.3%) | 0.003‡ | |
RDW ≥ 15 | 280 (52%) | 59 (67.0%) | 0.011‡ | |
Health status | Medically free | 66 (12.3%) | 6 (6.8%) | 0.091‡ |
| Â | Comorbid | 472 (87.7%) | 82 (93.2%) | Â |
Comorbidities | Hypertension (n = 426) | 369 (68.6%) | 57 (64.8%) | 0.276‡ |
|  | Diabetes (n = 309) | 261 (48.5%) | 48 (54.5%) | 0.175‡ |
|  | Cardiovascular diseases (n = 183) | 151 (28.1%) | 32 (36.4%) | 0.074‡ |
|  | Cerebrovascular accidents (n = 76) | 64 (11.9%) | 12 (13.6%) | 0.376‡ |
|  | Renal disease (n = 86) | 68 (12.6%) | 18 (20.5%) | 0.040‡ |
|  | Malignancy (n = 44) | 36 (6.7%) | 8 (9.10%) | 0.267‡ |
|  | Pulmonary diseases (n = 37) | 29 (5.4%) | 8 (9.1%) | 0.133‡ |
|  | Dementia (n = 37) | 30 (5.6%) | 7 (8.0%) | 0.247‡ |
|  | Neurological diseases (n = 18) | 15 (2.8%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0.476‡ |
Length of hospital stay, mean ± SD | 7.66 ± 4.67 | 11.64 ± 8.82 | < 0.001†| |
ICU admission | Yes | 415 (77.1%) | 45 (51.1%) | < 0.001‡ |
| Â | No | 123 (22.9%) | 43 (48.9%) | Â |
Type of fracture | Intertrochanteric | 319 (59.4%) | 59 (67.0%) | Â |
|  | Femur neck | 188 (35.0%) | 27 (30.7%) | 0.251‡‡ |
| Â | Subtrochanteric | 30 (5.6%) | 2 (2.3%) | Â |
Type of surgery | Intramedullary nail | 220 (40.9%) | 41 (46.6%) | Â |
|  | Partial hip replacement | 185 (34.4%) | 27 (30.7%) | 0.601‡‡ |
| Â | Dynamic hip screw | 133 (24.7%) | 20 (22.7%) | Â |