Table 2 Peri-operative clinicopathological characteristics
|  | PAG N = 11 | NPAG N = 54 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (min-max) (years) | 74 (60–82) | 68 (26–84) | 0.048 |
Age > 70 (Y : N) | 9 : 2 | 25 : 29 | 0.047 |
Sex (Male : Female) | 11 : 0 | 30 : 24 | 0.005 |
Comorbidities (Y : N) | 10 : 1 | 32 : 22 | 0.080 |
Diabetes mellitus (Y : N) | 5 : 6 | 7 : 47 | 0.011 |
Cardiovascular disease (Y : N) | 1 : 10 | 25 : 29 | 0.039 |
Hypertension (Y : N) | 1 : 10 | 21 : 33 | 0.082 |
ASA score (1 : 2 : 3) | 0 : 9 : 2 | 7 : 40 : 7 | 0.432 |
Pre-operative BMI (kg/m2) (min-max) | 22.4 (19.3–26.8) | 21.6 (16.3–30.8) | 0.780 |
Primary disease (Pancreatic cancer : non-pancreatic malignancy†: others) | 3 : 6 : 2 | 18 : 29 : 7 | 0.867 |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Y : N) | 0 : 11 | 2 : 52 | 1.000 |
Pre-operative biliary drainage (Y : N) | 6 : 5 | 27 : 27 | 0.783 |
Pre-operative cholangitis (Y : N) | 3 : 8 | 6 : 48 | 0.157 |
Operation time (min) (min-max) | 417 (314–652) | 420 (273–754) | 0.354 |
Blood loss (ml) (min-max) | 705 (194–1520) | 534 (70–3290) | 0.278 |
Pancreatic duct size (min-max) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–12) | 0.762 |
Fistula risk score (min-max) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (2–9) | 0.319 |
Bile duct size (mm) (min-max) | 7.5 (4–13) | 8.0 (3–24) | 0.751 |
Concomitant other organ resection (Y : N) | 0 : 11 | 5 : 49 | 0.579 |
SMA nerve plexus dissection (Y : N) | 1 : 10 | 13 : 41 | 0.492 |
Lymph node dissection (D2 : D1 or D0) | 10 : 1 | 47 : 7 | 1.0000 |
Venous reconstruction (Y : N) | 1 : 10 | 3 : 51 | 0.533 |
Tube ileostomy (Y : N) | 0 : 11 | 9 : 45 | 0.337 |
Blood transfusion (Y : N) | 0 : 11 | 6 : 48 | 0.579 |
Clinically relevant POPF (Y : N) | 11 : 0 | 32 : 22 | 0.011 |
Chyle leak (Y : N) | 0 : 11 | 0 : 54 | 1.000 |
Bile leak (Y : N) | 0 : 11 | 1 : 53 | 1.000 |
Intraabdominal infection (Y : N) | 6 : 5 | 25 : 29 | 0.618 |
Complication (C.D. grade ≥ III) (Y : N) | 11 : 0 | 35 : 19 | 0.025 |
Mortality (Y : N) | 1 : 10 | 0 : 54 | 0.169 |