Variables | Mean | Standard deviation |
---|---|---|
Age, years | 58.5 | 15.8 |
Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 | 28.5 | 5.0 |
Back pain severity, points | 60.4 | 26.8 |
Oswestry disability Index, points | 43.4 | 17.4 |
Pain duration before surgery | N | % |
< 6 weeks | 118 | 8 |
6–12 weeks | 196 | 13 |
3–12 months | 487 | 33 |
> 12 months | 681 | 46 |