Characteristic | Total (N = 144) | High/moderate risk GNRI ≤ 92 (N = 54) | Low risk 92 < GNRI ≤ 98 (N = 35) | No risk GNRI > 98 (N = 55) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), median (IQR) | 71 (9) | 74.5 (10)a | 71 (10) | 70 (5) | 0.015 | |
Male, n (%) | 84 (58.3%) | 31 (57.4%) | 18 (51.4%) | 35 (63.6%) | 0.509 | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 22.85 ± 3.45 | 22.11 ± 4.31a | 22.68 ± 3.11 | 23.67 ± 2.44 | 0.012 | |
Abdominal surgery history, n (%) | 29 (20.1%) | 13 (24.1%) | 6 (17.1%) | 10 (18.2%) | 0.655 | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 74 (51.4%) | 27 (50%) | 19 (54.3%) | 28 (50.9%) | 0.921 | |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 43 (29.9%) | 14 (25.9%) | 10 (28.6%) | 19 (34.5%) | 0.606 | |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 12 (8.3%) | 6 (11.1%) | 2 (5.7%) | 4 (7.3%) | 0.625 | |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 27 (18.8%) | 9 (16.7%) | 7 (20%) | 11 (20%) | 0.884 | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 7 (4.9%) | 4 (7.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.538 | |
Disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Benign, n (%) | 8 (5.6%) | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | 5 (9.1%) | 0.460†| |
Ampulla of vater adenocarcinoma, n (%) | 41 (28.5%) | 17 (31.5%) | 10 (28.6%) | 14 (25.5%) | 0.784 | |
Biliary adenocarcinoma, n (%) | 22 (15.3%) | 6 (11.1%) | 8 (22.9%) | 8 (14.5%) | 0.317 | |
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, n (%) | 55 (38.3%) | 23 (42.6%) | 12 (34.3%) | 20 (36.4%) | 0.688 | |
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, n (%) | 6 (4.2%) | 3 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.5%) | 0.504†| |
Neuroendocrine tumor, n (%) | 4 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 3 (5.5%) | 0.288†| |
Other malignancy, n (%) | 8 (5.6%) | 3 (5.6%) | 3 (8.6%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.524†| |
CCI, n (%) | 0 | 66 (45.8%) | 22 (40.7%) | 19 (54.3%) | 25 (45.5%) | 0.114†|
 | 1 | 47 (32.6%) | 20 (37%) | 7 (20%) | 20 (36.4%) |  |
 | 2 | 24 (16.7%) | 10 (18.5%) | 8 (22.9%) | 6 (10.9%) |  |
 | 3 | 4 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.3%) |  |
 | 4 | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) |  |
 | 5 | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |  |
ASA physical status, n (%) | II | 45 (31.3%) | 11 (20.4%)a | 9 (25.7%) | 25 (45.5%) | 0.013†|
 | III | 98 (68.1%) | 43 (79.6%)a | 26 (74.3%) | 29 (52.7%) |  |
 | IV | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.8%) |  |
ECOG, n (%) | 0 | 125 (86.8%) | 41 (75.9%)a | 31 (88.6%) | 53 (96.4%) | 0.016†|
 | 1 | 16 (11.1%) | 11 (20.4%)a | 3 (8.6%) | 2 (3.6%) |  |
 | 2 | 3 (2.1%) | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) |  |
GNRI score, mean ± SD | 94.43 ± 9.75 | 84.30 ± 5.79ab | 95.27 ± 1.61a | 103.86 ± 4.85 |  < 0.001 | |
Preoperative albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD | 3.67 ± 0.63 | 3.05 ± 0.37ab | 3.79 ± 0.48a | 4.20 ± 0.32 |  < 0.001 | |
Preoperative TBIL (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.5 (2.7) | 2.9(3.6)a | 1.6(2.4)a | 0.8(1.4) |  < 0.001 | |
Preoperative bile drain, n (%) | 87 (60.4%) | 38 (70.4%)a | 28 (80%)a | 21 (38.2%) |  < 0.001 |